Abstract

Bacterial infections remain a major public health problem in Indonesia, with increasing concern related to antimicrobial resistance. The use of antibacterial combinations has been proposed as a strategy to enhance antibacterial efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial interaction between kersen leaf extract (Muntingia calabura L.) and beluntas leaf extract (Pluchea indica L.) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. This study employed an experimental laboratory design using a broth microdilution method with a checkerboard assay. Antibacterial activity was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the interaction between extracts was evaluated using the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The MIC values of kersen and beluntas leaf extracts tested individually were 10 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, respectively. When combined, bacterial growth inhibition was achieved at reduced concentrations of 2.5 mg/mL kersen leaf extract and 0.5 mg/mL beluntas leaf extract. The MBC values of kersen and beluntas leaf extracts alone were 10 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL, respectively, while the combination showed bactericidal activity at 5 mg/mL kersen leaf extract and 0.5 mg/mL beluntas leaf extract. The calculated FICI value was 0.5, indicating a synergistic interaction between the two extracts. In conclusion, the combination of kersen and beluntas leaf extracts exhibited synergistic antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, as demonstrated by reduced MIC and MBC values. These findings suggest that this plant extract combination has potential for further development as an alternative antibacterial strategy, pending additional in-depth studies.

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