This journal provides immediate open access to all published articles to ensure global accessibility, visibility, and knowledge dissemination for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers worldwide.

To support editorial handling, peer review management, production, hosting, and long-term preservation, the journal applies an Article Processing Charge (APC) for accepted manuscripts.

This journal charges the following author fees:

Article Submission: 0.00 (EUR) l 0.00 (GBP) l 0.00 (USD) 

Article Publication (APC): 1,519.00 (EUR) | 1,318.00 (GBP) | 1,766.00 (USD)

The APC is payable only after the manuscript has been formally accepted for publication.

The journal may grant full or partial APC waivers for authors who do not have access to research funding and are unable to cover publication costs.

Waiver requests must be submitted at the time of manuscript submission and will be evaluated independently from the editorial review process.

Editors and reviewers are not involved in financial decisions, and waiver approval does not influence acceptance outcomes.

Due to limited resources, waiver availability is restricted and granted on a case-by-case basis.

Authors will be given the opportunity to revise and approve the text of the accepted manuscript during the final copy-editing phase. After approval, the manuscript proceeds to design and layout production.

Authors must carefully proofread the final galley before publication. Proofreading is strictly limited to correcting typographical and typesetting errors.

Requests for new textual changes after layout require re-composition of pages and incur additional costs.

The publisher will charge a Galley Change Fee (GCF) for any author-initiated changes at this stage.

GCF: 150.00 USD per article.