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Parasitology

Salmonella-induced red blood cell oxidative damage among typhoid fever patients in Ilorin, Nigeria

Ayodele O Ilesanmi Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kwara State University, Malete , Nigeria Correspondence ayodeleilesanmi2002@yahoo.com
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Austin S Alikpang Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kwara State University, Malete , Nigeria Correspondence ayodeleilesanmi2002@yahoo.com
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Kolawole T Ogunwale Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria Correspondence ayodeleilesanmi2002@yahoo.com
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Rose Ilesanmi Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kwara State University, Malete , Nigeria Correspondence ayodeleilesanmi2002@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Typhoid disease is a debilitating disease of humans that occurs sometimes with fatal consequences. It has been established that Salmonella toxin is the key factor in typhoid pathology. We sought to investigate the contributory role of oxidative stress on red blood cells and on the morbidity frequently seen in sufferers. Patients on clinical suspicion of typhoid disease were tested serologically with the Typhidot IgM /IgG qualitative Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). Serum from one hundred and two (102) confirmed cases were subjected to pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde) EIA assay as well as Total antioxidant potential (TAP) EIA assay, in addition to doing a full blood count on the subjects. Thirty apparently normal persons served as the control group. Results show that the typhoid cases had significantly lower mean values in many of the parameters like RBC


count (3.50 ± 0.52 against 4.65 ± 1.06), (p <0.001);  Haemoglobin (HGB) - 10.11 ± 0.87 against 12.47 ± 2.15 (p <0.001);  Haematocrit (HCT) - 32.81 ± 5.16 vs 39.49 ± 7.38 (p <0.001);  Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH) 24.10 ± 1.59 vs 25.99 ± 2.41 (p <0.001); Mean Cell


Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) 25.63 ± 1.23 vs 27.37 ± 2.18 (p <0.001); Red Cell Diameter Width (RCDW) 13.08 ± 2.54 against 15.96 ± 2.72 (p <0.001) and %lymphocytes (LYM) 2.05 ± 0.63 vs 2.59 ± 1.31(p = 0.038). However, the test subjects had significantly higher values in some other parameters like White blood cell (WBC) total count 9.94 ± 2.7 vs 8.12 ± 4.26 (p=0.039), Absolute lymphocyte count (LYM) 2.05 ± 0.63 against 2.59 ± 1.31 (p = 0.038) and % Granulocytes (GR) [48.04 ± 11.73 vs  40.42 ± 11.28 (p <0.001)] with five parameters showing strongly significant negative correlation to free radical levels. The typhoid cases also had a significantly higher mean free radical value (8.14 ± 1.00 as against 3.31 ± 0.44) (p <0.001) among apparently healthy persons and a lower mean antioxidant value (p <0.001) than the control group. These observations led us to the conclusion that aside the key role played by typhoid toxins in patient morbidity, oxidative damage is an essential contributory factor in the development and exacerbation of complications in the pathophysiology of typhoid disease.

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How to Cite This

Ilesanmi, A. O., Alikpang, A. S., Ogunwale , K. T., & Ilesanmi, R. . (2025). Salmonella-induced red blood cell oxidative damage among typhoid fever patients in Ilorin, Nigeria. Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.29238/teknolabjournal.v14i2.413

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